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Tobacco was promoted in Europe in the 17th century as a cure for a number of ailments,including toothache,fatigue,and joint pains,as well as a calming agent.Smoking for enjoyment,however,was mainly responsible for the growth of the tobacco industry.By the time the following Collier’s article was published in 1950,a campaign to warn smokers—who by then made up more than half of the American population—of potential dangerous effects of smoking was underway.Opposed to these efforts,the author argued that scientific attempts to link tobacco products to lung cancer and heart disease had failed and that the antismoking crusade interfered with needed research into more likely cancer causes.In 1951,an important medical study in London concluded that smoking was “an important factor” contributing to lung cancer.Despite a growing antismoking movement,aided by a 1979 Surgeon-General’s report linking smoking to heart disease and the classification of nicotine as an addictive drug by the Food and Drug Administration in 1995,over five trillion cigarettes were sold that year.Threatened with state and local class-action lawsuits,the U.S.tobacco industry agreed in 1998 to a consent decree that settled 37 pending cases,quieted future claims,and ended certain types of tobacco advertising.