Question

英语中过去完成时和将来完成时各表示什么情态?

Answer 1

将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作.经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用.1) 构成 （shall）will+have+动词过去分词 2) 概念 a.状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态.b.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或一获得的经验.They will have been married for 20 years by then.You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.将来完成时的构成 将来完成时的构成是由"shall/will + have +过去分词"构成的.Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter.不久他就会全然忘记这件事的.He is somebody now.He will not have remembered his old classmates.他现在是一个有身份的人了,他可能不会记得老同学了.Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month?到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧?将来完成时的用法 ①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响.We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.到这个学期末,我们将学完12个单元.By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍.②表示推测,相当于"must have done"结构.You will have heard of this,I guess.我想你已经听说过这件事了.I am sure he will have got the information.我相信他一定得到了这个信息 ③在时间和副词从句中,用现在完成时代替将来完成时来表示将来某一时刻以前已完成的动作 Tell me what you think about the film when you have seen it.你看完这部电影之后告诉我你对它的意见 过去完成时(past perfect)①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续.句中的动作发生在过去之前（过去的过去）,即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去.He said he had been to Beijing twice.他说他已经去过北京两次.（因为“说”said就是过去式,而去北京的动作发生在说said 的过去,所以用过完而不用现完.过去完成时常用的时间状语有 1.by the end of last year.By the end of last term,we had learned 5000 new words.2.By the time sb.+动词过去式 如：The bus had already left by the time I got there.