1.增补(Addition)
in addition,此外,
furthermore,此外,
again, 再次,
also, 同时,也
besides, 此外,
moreover, 此外,
what`s more, 今天怎么多,
similarly, 同样,
next, 跟着
finally.最后
2.比较(Comparison)
in the same way, 同样的方式,同时
likewise, 同样,
similarly, 同样,
equally, 同样,
in comparison, 相比之下,
just as正如
3.对照(Contrast)
whereas, 然而,
in contrast, 相比之下
on the other hand, 在另一方面,
instead, 相反
however, 然而,
nevertheless, 然而,
unlike, 不同的是,
even though, 虽然,
on the contrary, 相反,
while而
4.因果(Cause and effect)
because, 因为,
because of, 因为,
for, since, 因为,
due to, owing to, 由于
thanks to, 感谢,
as a result(of), 作为一个结果
accordingly, 据此,
hence, 因此,
so, 那么,所以
thus 从而
5.强调(Emphasis)
certainly, 当然,
above all, 首先,
indeed, 的确,
of course, 当然,
surely, 当然,
actually, 实际上,
as a matter of fact, 因为事实上,
chiefly, 主要是,
especially, 特别是,
primarily, 主要是,
in particular, 特别是,
undoubtedly, 毫无疑问,
absolutely, 绝对,
most important最重要的
6.让步(Concession)
although, 虽然,
though, 不过,
after all, 毕竟,
in spite of, 尽管,
nevertheless, 然而,
still, 还有,
provided, 提供
while it is true.而这是真的.
7.例证(Exemplification)
for example, 例如,
for instance, 例如,
that is, 也就是说,
namely, 即：
such as, 例如,
in other words, 换句话说,
in this case, 在这种情况下,
by way of illustration.通过举例的方式.
8.总结(Conclusion)
to sum up, 概括地说,
to conclude, 到最后,
in a word, 总之,
in short, 总之,
in brief, 简单地说,
all in all, 总而言之,
in all, 总之,
to put it in a nutshell, 概括地说,
in summary简易地说
9.推断(Inference)
therefore,因此
as a result(of),作为一个结果
consequently,因此
accordingly,相应地
so,因此
otherwise否则
10.时间和空间(Time and space)
afterward,后来
after,之后
first,首先
later,后来
then,然后
soon,不久
outside,外面
near,附近
beyond,超越
above,上面
below,下面
on the right(left),在右边（左边）
in the middle,在中间
opposite,相反
in front of在后面
11.启承转合
1)、启
A proverb says. At present.
谚语说.目前.
As the proverb says. Currently.
正如谚语说.目前..
Generally speaking, . Now,.
一般来说,.现在,.
In general, . On the Whole.
在一般情况下,.总的来说.
It is clear that. Recently.
很显然,.最近.
It is often said that. Without doubt, .
人们常常说.毫无疑问,.
2)、承
First(of all), . Moreover, .
第一（所有）,.此外,.
Firstly, . No one can deny that.
首先,.没有人能否认.
In the first place, . Obviously.
首先,.显然.
To begin with, . Of course, .
首先,.当然,.
Also, . Similarly,.
此外,.同样,.
At the same time. Therefore, we should realize that.
同时.因此,我们应该认识到.
Certainly. There is no doubt that.
当然.毫无疑问,.
In addition,. What`s more, .
此外,.今天怎么多,.
In fact. It can be easily proved that...
事实上.它可以很容易地证明,...
Meanwhile.
与此同时.
3)、转
But... Still, .
但是...不过.
But the problem is not so simple...
但问题并非如此简单...
There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to.
有一定的真理在这个数额,但我们仍然有一个问题就.
However,然而,
. To our surprise,.
.让我们惊讶的,.
Nevertheless, . Unfortunately.
不过,.可惜.
On the other hand, .
另一方面,.
Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that.
然而,差异会被发现,这就是为什么我觉得.
Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think.
其他人可能会发现这是真的,但是我不知道.我觉得.
4)、合
Above all, In brief, .
首先,简单来说,.
Accordingly, . In conclusion, .
因此,.总之,.
All in all, .
总之,.
In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that.
换句话说,它是很难逃脱这样的结论.
As a consequence, . In short, .
因此,.总之,.
As I have shown/said/stated/. In sum, .
正如我表明/说/.总之,.
In summary, . As has been noted, .
总之,.正如已经指出的那样,.
On the whole, . Consequently, .
整体而言,.因此,.
Presumably, . Eventually, .
据推测,.最后,.
To conclude, . Finally, .
总括而言,.最后,.
To sum up, . In a word, .
总之,.总之,.
To summarize, .
总之,.