柯西中值定理:设函数f(x),g(x)在[a,b]上连续,在(a、b)内可导,且g'(x)≠0(x∈(a,b)), 则至少存在一点,ξ∈(a,b),使得 f'(ξ)/g'(ξ)=[f(b)-f(a)]/[g(b)-g(a)]成立.
f(x)=sinx及g(x)=x+cosx,在区间[0,兀/2]上连续,在(0,兀/2)内可导,且g'(x)≠0
构造F(x)=f(x)-f(0)-[f(π/2)-f(0)]*[g(x)-g(0)]/[g(π/2)-g(0)] =sinx-(x+cosx-1)/(π/2-1)
F(0)=F(π/2)=0
由罗尔定理知:存在ξ∈(0,π/2),使得F'(ξ)=0.
F'(x)=cosx-(1-sinx)/(π/2-1),
F'(ξ)=cosξ-(1-sinξ)/(π/2-1)=0
cosξ/(1-sinξ)=1/(π/2-1)=[f(π/2)-f(0)]/g(π/2)-g(0)]
因此验证验证柯西中值定理的正确性