when加表示时间的状态,指“当.的时候”,时间已经确定的就要用进行时,可以用中文理解.
举例:时间确定:What were you doing at 8 o'clock yesterday?这个很明显确定在了“昨天的八点”
对比:What did you do yesterday?过去的时间比较宽泛,比较模糊.
针对你的例句:When I was walking on the road,I saw a traffic accident.从中文角度说,强调的是“当我走在路上的时候”看到了交通事故,不是别的时候,所以用walking.
其他句子同理可得