The Definition of Domestication and Foreignization
Lawrence Venuti,a famous American translator,he was the first persom to introduced domestication and foreignization in his book The Translator's Invisibility:A History of Translation.He said“foreignization is an approach that the translator leaves the author in peace,as much as possible,and moves the reader towards him”while domestication is one that the translator "leaves the reader in peace,as much as possible,and moves the author towards him"(Venuti,2004:19-20)By developing these two terms Venuti meant to argue against the tendency of the transparent translation and invisibility of the translator.In his opinion,domestication is a derogative term.On the basis of Venuti's theory,Schuttleworth and Cowie in their book" Dictionary of Translation Studies"define the term of domestication in this way:“A term used by Venuti(1995)to describe the translation strategy in which a transparent,fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for TL readers...it is identified with a policy common in dominant cultures which are 'aggressively monolingual,unreceptive to the foreign',and which he describes as being ' accustomed to fluent translations that invisibly inscribe foreign text with[target language] values and provide readers with narcissistic experience of recognizing their own culture in a cultural other'.(Schuttleworth& Cowie,2004:43-44) Foreignizing translation in which a TT is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original."(Schuttleworth&Cowie,2004:59) Venuti regarded foreignizing translation as a challenge towards domestication and the function is to "register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text,sending the reader abroad."(Venuti,2004:20) In translation,domestication means removing all strangeness and foreignness of the source text and making the translation read like the original.Domestication is oriented towards the target language.Foreignization is the opposite approach and by applying this method the foreignness of the source language will be kept to the greatest possible extent and the translation will certainly read like a translation.