第一句不是个句子,not knowing是动名词,how long the rain would last.是宾语从句,作know的宾语,
第二句,they主语,cause谓语,you宾语,to give up what you want to do宾语补足语,再细分的话,what you want to do是宾语从句作give up的宾语
第三句,you主语,know谓语,that you cannot control the world around you.是宾语从句,作know的 宾语 .