◆五、指示代词：
★指示代词1.
指示代词1x09单数x09复数
近处x09this这个x09these这些
远处x09that那个x09those那些
△x09有时用that ,those,指已经讲过的事,如：I’ve got a bad cold, that is why I didn’t come.(that指前面讲过的“我的感冒”)
△ 有时用this ,these 指接下来将讲的事,如：Chairman Mao honoured Liuhulan with these words: A great life !A glorious death!
△ 另外还常用that ,those 指前面提到过的事物,避免重复.例：The climate of Shenyang is as good as that in Beijing.(此处的that 指的就是北京的气候).Television sets made in Nanjing are as good as those made in Shanghai. 南京的电视机和上海的一样好.（those,复数,代替电视机,避免重复）.
△ this和that 还可以作副词（表程度）.
例：The book is about this thick.这本书大约有这么厚吧.（用手在比划厚度）.
I don’t want that much.我要不了那么多.
★指示代词2.：
it.用法：指未曾露面的（如隔着门或隔着电话或网线那一端的人）都可以用it来代替（单数可数名词）
例：——It’s me.
——Who’s knocking at the door?
——It’s her.
——Oh, it’s you, Xiao Li.
打电话时也可用it ,不过通常用that ,this,来代替,不管谁说的话,总之还没有见面孔.
例：——Who’s that speaking?——This is Mrs. Black speaking.
——Is that Mr. Smith speaking?——Yes, this is Mr. Smith speaking.
★ 指示代词3.:
such（如此这人,这般的事）
用法：such+名词（短语）：
such a beautiful girl .如此美丽的女孩.Such beautiful girls.如此美丽的女孩们.Such a clever donkey.如此聪明的小毛驴.
★ 指示代词4.：
the same相同的（人或物）the与same不能分开.
例：我们在谈论相同的事：We’re talking about the same thing.
他的名字和我的名字是相同的：
He and I have the same name.
His name is the same as mine .
His name and mine are the same.