Question

To explain what they have seen,they build a theory about the

Answer 1

[To explain what they have seen](1),they build a theory (about the way 【in which things happen】(2) and 【the causes and effects.】(3))

【主句】they build a theory

其中：

前面(1)目的状语,其中what they have seen是名词从句,做explain的宾语.

后面build a theory,theory的修饰成分为about……而且about了两种东西,一是the way,二是 "causes & effects"

(2)定语从句修饰the way 即：things happen in the way

(3)the causes and effects.是一个整体,意思是“原因和结果”或“起因和影响”

[为了解释他们所看到的],他们建立了一套理论(关于方式[事情发生的方式]和[原因和结果])

【翻译】为了解释他们看到的东西,他们创立了一种理论——它解释了现象如何产生、产生的原因及其影响.

but if [,like Hawing ,](1)they are studing soming (that is too large or too difficult to observe directly)(2),they will use a model [to test the theory](3).

【主要结构】 [but if they are studying something (从句)],they will use……

(1)插入语 注释的作用,说例如hawing

(2)that定语从句,修饰something,结构为 too ...to 太大太难以至于不能直接观测到

(3)目的状语

整个句子前半句 If 从句,为条件状语,如果……后半句为主句

【翻译】

但是如果和霍金的情况一样,研究的东西太广或太难以至于不能直接进行观测,他们就会用模型来检验理论.