不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi.的就是不及物动词.不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语).若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语.具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得背动词短语了,如listen to,look at….
如:look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语).Look!She is singing.
Look carefully!(注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语)
look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully!(me是代词,作宾语)
at是小范围 in是大范围
如:
The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力.
She apologized to me again.她再次向我道歉.
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的.
分清及物不及物动词:
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题.动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
a.主要用作及物动词.及物动词后面必须跟宾语.可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构.如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:buy,catch,invent,found,like,observe,offer,prevent,promise,raise,find,forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,make,take,tell.
b.主要用作不及物的动词.不及物动词后面不跟宾语.只能用与:"主+谓"结构.
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.
c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变.如begin 都是作"开始"讲.everybody ,our game begins.let us begin our game.类似的还有:start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同.
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义.如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散".we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物动词时是"升高;举起".
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt.敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植
play vi.玩耍 vt.打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt.嗅
ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt.说(语言)
hang vi.悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt.操作
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