不加be,是作定语,表示被动意义,或完成; 加be,是谓语,被动语态
I have read the book written by Lu Xun.written 过去分词作定语 相当于 which/ that was written
The book was written by Lu Xun.was written 是谓语动词
polluted water 被污染的水 (被动意义)
developed country 发达国家(发展完了的,表完成) developing country 发展中国家(正在发展)