关系代词
(1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句.它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹.(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语.)
(2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和所有格之分,并有指人与指物之分.在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表:
限定性 非限定性 限定性
指 人 指 物 指人或指物
主 格 who which that
宾 格 whom that that
所有格 whose of which/whose of which/whose
例如:
This is the pencil whose point is broken.
这就是那个折了尖的铅笔.
(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书.
(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
(3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例如:
He said he saw me there,which was a lie.
他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言.
说明:关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,例如:
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.
我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了.
He's changed.He's not the man he was.
他变化很大,已不是过去的他了.
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连接代词 连接代词在引起从句时,都称为连接代词,包括who/whom/what/where/when/why/how,它们可以引起:a.主语从句:
It hasn’t been announced who won the prizes.还没宣布谁获奖.
It is clear enough what she meant.
b.宾语从句:
I don’t care what they think.他们怎么想我不管.
Ask her which he wants.问她要哪一个.
c.表语从句:
The question is who(m) we should trust.问题是我们应当相信谁.
What I want to know is which road we should take.我想知道的是我们应走哪条路.
* 连接代词还可引起不定式,都用作宾语或介词的宾语:
Tell him what to do.告诉他怎样做.
Lucy can’t decide which to choose.露西不能决定选哪个好.
They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect.他们就该选谁的问题交换了意见.