it 的固定短语和用法总结it有一些固定的用法,也常考,估计有20种,不知那位有较详细的总结,

2个回答

  • It用法小结

    it在英语语法中属人称代词,意思是“它”,用来指人以外的一切生物和事物.它的用法不仅不简单,而且很复杂.

    一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情.

    一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分;可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,在句子中既可作主语,也可以作宾语.

    1.指动物和植物.如:

    —Oh,that's Lucy's hat.噢,那是露茜的帽子.

    —It looks like a cat!它看上去像只猫!

    Where's tea grown?It's grown in the southeast of China.

    什么地方种植茶?中国东南部种植茶.

    2.指代一些无生命的东西.如:

    Is it your watch?这是你的手表吗?

    Look at the rain!It's heavy,isn't it?看这雨!雨很大,对吗?

    3.代替上文提到过的整个事情.如:

    Well,you mustn't play on the road.It's dangerous.哦,你不能在公路上玩.这太危险了!

    It was hard work,but they really enjoyed it.摘苹果是艰苦活,可他们都乐意去干(它).

    二、用于指代人.

    1.指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人,常在打电话或敲门时用.如:

    —Who was it?是谁(打来的电话)?

    —Was it Susan?(打电话的)是苏珊吗?

    —Yes,it was.是的,我是.(根据上下句,“it was”也可不译出来.)

    再如:—Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?

    —It's me.是我.

    2.指说话者心目中的那个人.如:

    —Is it your sister,Kate?(那旧照片上的 baby)是你姐姐凯特吧?

    —No!不是.

    —Is it your brother?是你哥哥吧?

    —No!不是.

    —I know—it's you!我知道了,(那)是你.

    3.指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时,也可用it来指人.如

    The child smiled when it saw its mother.这小孩一见到母亲就笑了.

    I don't know who it is.我不知道他是谁.

    注意:看到这样的句子(或听到这样的话)时,要想一想,不要一看到it就把它译成“它”.)

    4.在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时,常用it指人.如:

    —Who's that?那人是谁?

    —Is it Kate?是凯特吗?

    —Yes,I think you're right.It's Kate.是的,我想你说对了,是凯特.

    三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等.

    1.表示时间.如:

    —What time is it?几点钟?

    —It's ten.十点钟.

    It's summer in Australia now.现在澳大利亚是夏天.

    特别注意it用于表示时间时还常见于以下两个句型中:

    (1)It's time(for sb.)to do sth./It's time for sth.译为“是(某人)该干……的时间了”、“到……的时候了”.如:

    It's time for supper/to have supper.是吃晚饭的时候了.

    I think it's time for us to start the lesson now.我想现在是我们开始上课的时候了.

    (2)It is /has been +时间段+since +一般过去时.译为“自从……以来已过了……(时间)”.此结构可以与另一种句型进行同义句转换.如:

    It has been two weeks since we met last.= Two weeks has passed since we met last.自从我们上次相遇以来,两个星期过去了.

    It's three years since he came here.=It has been three years since he came here.=He has been here for three years.他到这里已经三年了.

    2.表示距离.如:

    It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school.从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间.

    —Where's the farm,Li Lei?Is it far?李雷,农场在哪里?远吗?

    —No,it's quite near.不,(距)离这很近.

    3.表示自然现象.如:

    Sometimes it snows and the land is all white.有时下雪,大地一片白.

    It is very quiet here at the moment.眼下这儿很安静.

    四、用作形式主语.

    英语中常常见到某个句子以it开头,it与其后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从

    句等相呼应,以表达一个完整的意义.这是一种习惯表达法,这样的句式可避免句子显得头重脚轻.

    1.It+is/was+形容词+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式短语.对于这个句型中究竟用 for还是用of,一般遵循这样的规则:如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词,如:difficult, easy,hard,important,dangerous等用for;如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如:kind,good,nice,clever等则用of.如:

    It is interesting to play with snow in winter.冬季里玩雪是很有趣的.

    It's important for us to keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的.

    It's very kind of you to say so.你这样说真是太好了.

    注意:这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词;连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词,如feel等.如:

    It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early.早睡早起是好习惯.

    It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣.

    It feels strange to have a twin sister.有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪.

    2.It +will be/is /was +形容词+动名词短语.如:

    It's bad playing in the street.在街上玩是没好处的.

    Is it any good trying again?再试一次有用吗?

    3.It+is/was+形容词+从句.如:

    It is certain that he will come.他一定会来.

    It's true that he may fall behind the other students.他真的可能落后于其他同学.

    It is strange that he should say so.他居然这么说,真是奇怪.

    4.It +is /was +one's turn(duty,pleasure) +to do sth.意为“该轮到某人做某事(做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事)”.如:

    It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天轮到你值日了.

    5.It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.意为“(某人)花……时间做某事”.如

    It took me a week to finish reading the book.我花了一周时间看完这本书.

    6.It +cost/costs +sb.+some money +to do sth.译为“某人花多少钱做某事”.如:

    It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch.我买这块新手表花了260元.

    7.It seems /seemed +从句.译为“看起来好像……”,此结构可以转换成“seem +动词不定式”形式.如:

    It seems that he is ill.=He seems to be ill.看起来他好像病了.

    五、用作形式宾语.

    当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时,为避免句子头重脚轻,须将其放在宾语补足语之后,改用先行词it占据其原来的位置.it用作形式宾语的句型为:主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式/动名词/从句.该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当.如:

    He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well.他发现学好一门外语是不容易的.

    We think it no good reading in bed.我们认为躺在床上看书无益处.

    I think it necessary that we have the meeting.我认为开这个会是必要的.