Performance appraisal is a formal management system that provides for the
evaluation of the quality of an individual’s performance in an organization.The
appraisal is usually prepared by the employee’s immediate supervisor.The
procedure typically requires the supervisor to fill out a standardized
assessment form that evaluates the individual on several different dimensions
and then discusses the results of the evaluation with the employee.
Too often,performance appraisal is seen merely as a once-a-year drill
mandated by the personnel department.But in organizations that take performance
appraisal seriously and use the system well,it is used as an ongoing process
and not merely as an annual event.In these companies,performance appraisal
follows a four-phase model:
Phase 1:Performance Planning.
At the beginning of the year,the manager and individual get together for a
performance-planning meeting.In this hour-long session they discuss what the
person will achieve over the next twelve months (the key responsibilities of the
person’s job And the goals and projects the person will work on) and how the
person will do the job (the behaviors and competencies the organization expects
of its members).They typically also discuss the individual’s development plans.
Phase 2:Performance Execution.
Over the course of the year the employee works to achieve the goals,
objectives,and key responsibilities of the job.The manager provides coaching
and feedback to the individual to increase the probability of success.He
creates the conditions that motivate and resolves any performance problems that
arise.Mid way through the year—perhaps even more frequently—they meet to review
the individual’s performance thus far against the plans and goals that they
discussed in the performance-planning meeting.
Phase 3:Performance Assessment.
As the time for the formal performance appraisal nears,the manager reflects
on how well the subordinate has performed over the course of the year,assembles
the various forms and paperwork that the organization provides to make this
assessment,and fills them out.The manager may also recommend a change in the
individual’s compensation based on the quality of the individual’s work.The
completed assessment form is usually reviewed and approved by the appraiser’s
boss.Others—perhaps the department head or the compensation manager—may also
review and approve the assessment.
The manager and the subordinate meet,usually for about an hour.They review
the appraisal form that the manager has written and talk about how well the
person performed over the past twelve months.At the end of the review meeting
they set a date to meet again to hold a performance-planning discussion for the
next twelve months,at which point the performance management process starts a
new.
Of course there may be many individual variations on the basic theme,but most
sophisticated companies generally follow this four-phase process.