这条复合句中两个 that 所引导的都是同位语从句,说明先行词的具体涵义;
第一个 that 所引导的,先行词是 objection
第二个 that 所引导的,先行词是 assumption
open to the objection 可以理解为 "遭致非议“ 或说白点 “受到反驳”
The argument above is open to the objection that it makes the questionable assumption that ...
上述论点由于做了令人质疑的假设,即 (A 与 B 两种相悖的理论不可能都是错的),而受到反驳.