⑴
(cosα-1)²+sin²α
=cos²α-2cosα+1+sin²α
=sin²α+cos²α-2cosα+1
=1+1-2cosα
=2-2cosα
(2)
(tan²α-sin²α)cot²α
=(sin²α/cos²α-sin²α)*cos²α/sin²α
=1-cos²α
=sin²α
(3)
(cosα-cosβ)²+(sinα-sinβ)²
=cos²α-2cosαcosβ+cos²β+sin²α-2sinαsinβ+sin²β
=(cos²α+sin²α)+(cos²β+sin²β)-2(cosα·cosβ+sinα·sinβ)
=2-2(cosα·cosβ+sinα·sinβ)
(4)
(1+cot²α)/(1-cot²α)
=(1+cos²α/sin²α)/(1-cos²α/sin²α)
=[(sin²α+cos²α)/sin²α]/[(sin²α-cos²α)/sin²α]
=1/(sin²α-cos²α)
=1/(sin²α-(1-sin²α))
=1/(2sin²α-1)
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