已知数列{an}满足a1=1/2,前n项和Sn=n^2an

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  • 已知:数列{an}满足a1=1/2,前n项和Sn=n²an;

    (1)求a2、a3、a4;

    (2)猜想数列{an}的通项公式,用数学归纳法证明.

    (1)易得a2=1/6、a3=1/12、a4=1/20;

    (2)猜想an=1/[n(n+1)]

    数学归纳法证明:

    ①当n=1时,a1=1/2成立;

    ②假设n=k(k≥2)时,ak=1/[k(k+1)]成立,

    则a(k+1)=1/[(k+1)(k+2)]=1/[(k+1)((k+1)+1)]成立,

    ③得证:an=1/[n(n+1)]

    附:Sn=n²an

    S(n-1)=(n-1)²a(n-1)

    Sn-S(n-1)=n²an-(n-1)²a(n-1)

    an=n²an-(n-1)²a(n-1)

    (n²-1)an=(n-1)²a(n-1)

    (n+1)an=(n-1)a(n-1)

    an=[(n-1)/(n+1)]×a(n-1)

    =[(n-1)/(n+1)]×[(n-2)/n]×a(n-1)

    =[(n-1)/(n+1)]×[(n-2)/n]×[(n-3)/(n-1)]×a(n-1)

    =[(n-1)/(n+1)]×[(n-2)/n]×[(n-3)/(n-1)]×···×(3/5)×(2/4)×(1/3)×a1

    =[2×1/((n+1)n)]×a1

    =[2/((n+1)n)]×(1/2)

    =1/[n(n+1)]