已知:数列{an}满足a1=1/2,前n项和Sn=n²an;
(1)求a2、a3、a4;
(2)猜想数列{an}的通项公式,用数学归纳法证明.
(1)易得a2=1/6、a3=1/12、a4=1/20;
(2)猜想an=1/[n(n+1)]
数学归纳法证明:
①当n=1时,a1=1/2成立;
②假设n=k(k≥2)时,ak=1/[k(k+1)]成立,
则a(k+1)=1/[(k+1)(k+2)]=1/[(k+1)((k+1)+1)]成立,
③得证:an=1/[n(n+1)]
附:Sn=n²an
S(n-1)=(n-1)²a(n-1)
Sn-S(n-1)=n²an-(n-1)²a(n-1)
an=n²an-(n-1)²a(n-1)
(n²-1)an=(n-1)²a(n-1)
(n+1)an=(n-1)a(n-1)
an=[(n-1)/(n+1)]×a(n-1)
=[(n-1)/(n+1)]×[(n-2)/n]×a(n-1)
=[(n-1)/(n+1)]×[(n-2)/n]×[(n-3)/(n-1)]×a(n-1)
=[(n-1)/(n+1)]×[(n-2)/n]×[(n-3)/(n-1)]×···×(3/5)×(2/4)×(1/3)×a1
=[2×1/((n+1)n)]×a1
=[2/((n+1)n)]×(1/2)
=1/[n(n+1)]