1. "a second + noun" vs "the second + noun"
通常教first, second, third前面要加定冠词.但是second有多个意思,一个意思（第二名）前面要加定冠词,但是其它意思前面要加不定冠词.给你抄一下字典中相关的定义：
adj.
1. Coming next after the first in order, place, rank, time, or quality.
2.
a. Repeating an initial instance: a second chance.
b. Reminiscent of one that is well known: a second George Washington; a second Waterloo.
c. Alternate; other: every second year.
类似的例子还有：
English as a second language
We want a second baby
He is having a second surgery
You can have a second helping after finishing the food in your plate.
这些都必须用a,不能用the.
2. 两个表达意思不一样.如果用from,transformation可能是被动的,有外力引导这个转变.用of则强调了a closed public policy process的主动转变.比较一下这两个例子：
Transformation of Google into a gatekeeper
Google's transformation from a gateway to a gatekeepe