联系动词
1.联系动词或称不完全不及物动词,虽有意义,但不完全,需要加名词、形容词、代名词等作主词补语以补足其意义.
I am a student.
我是学生.
I am不能完整表达句子的意义,要加主词补语a student,句意才完整,am是联系动词.
2.联系动词按其含义可以分为二类.
类型1:表示状态和状态的持续,如:
be(是), seem(似乎), look(看起来), appear(似乎), feel(觉得), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), keep(保持), remain(保持), stand(站立), lie(躺), stay(停留)等.
类型2:表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态,如:
become(变成), go(变得), get(变得), turn(变成), grow(变成), fall(变成某种状态), come(成为), run(变成)等.
补充：一些感官动词也可以作联系动词（link.v）例如：look, sound , smell, tastie, feel, see, watch, hear 等.
3.联系动词没有被动式.
中文:他保持沉默.
(误)He is remained silent.
(正)He remains silent.
4.除表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态的联系动词和在个别情况下的联系动词BE外,其他联系动词没有进行时.
The days are getting longer and longer.
白天越来越长.
He was only being kind for the moment.
他只是一时的仁慈.
从意义上讲,连系动词可分为两大类：一类表示某种相对静止的特征或状态,如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, appear, stand, remain, stay, keep等.另一类表示某种状态的变化演变过程.如：become, get, grow, turn, go, fall等.
(1)be意为"是,在,存在,成为"等
What are you going to be when you grow up?你长大了想干什么?
(2)look意为"看上去,显得……"
She looked a little tired.她看起来有点疲倦.
(3)seem意为"好像,似乎,仿佛"
She seemed an honest woman.她看上去是个老实人.
(4)feel意为"感觉到,摸起来"
This skirt feels soft.这条裙子摸起来很柔软.
(5)sound意为"听起来"
Her idea sounded great.她的主意听起来很不错.
(6)taste意为"尝起来有……的味道"
The food tastes good.那些食物味道很好.
(7)smell意为"闻上去……"
The flowers smell sweet.这些花芳香袭人.
(8)appear意为"看起来(好像)"
It appears a true story.这似乎是个真实的故事.
(9)stand意为"处于某种状态"
The door stood open.门开着.
(10)remain意为"仍然、保持"
The weather still remained cold in April.虽然时节已进入四月,天气仍然还很冷.
(11)stay意为"保持某种状态"
The shop stays open till seven o'clock.那家商店一直营业到7点.
(12)keep意为"保持"
Keep quiet, please.请保持安静.
(1)become意为"变成,成为"
Edison finally became a great inventor.爱迪生最后成了一名伟大的发明家.
(2)get意为"变得"
The weather gets warmer and the days get longer in spring.春天天气越来越暖和,白天越来越长.
(3)grow意为"渐渐变得……"
It was growing dark.天色渐渐暗下来.
(4)turn意为"变,变成"
The leaves are turning yellow.树叶慢慢地变黄了.
(5)go意为"变为"
Eggs can go bad easily in summer.夏季,鸡蛋容易变坏.
(6)fall意为"进入某种状态,变得"
His horse fell lame.他的马瘸了.
★相关解读
1.表语资格的审定
连系动词"为人谦逊",它与别人具有很好的"合作意识"(这可值得我们学习哟!),因此,能在其后作表语的词类很多：名词、形容词、副词、代词、介词(短语)、数词、动名词、动词不定式或从句等都可以和它成为good friends.你瞧：
His wish is to be a singer.(不定式作表语)
Her job is looking after the baby.(动名词短语作表语)
The problem is who can do that.(从句作表语)
2.各种句型的变化
若一个肯定句中的连系动词是be,那么把它变为否定句或疑问句时,无须再借助于其它的助动词.例如：
The flowers are beautiful.→Are the flowers beautiful?→The flowers are not beautiful.
若一个肯定句中的连系动词是除be外的其它连系动词,在进行各种句式变换时,则要根据不同的时态、人称和数借助不同的助动词.如：
Her face turned red.→Did her face turn red?→Her face did not turn red.
They look well.→Do they look well?→They do not look well.
3.连系动词的兼职
有些动词可谓是"多面手",它们既可以用作实义动词,又可以用作连系动词.另外be还可用作助动词.它们的用法不同,词义和句型结构也有所不同.例如：
Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板.(look用作实义动词)
He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦.(look用作连系动词)
They are at work.他们在工作.(are用作连系动词)
They are working.他们正在工作.(are用作助动词,帮助构成现在进行时)