常用动词的原型-过去式-过分- 总结 、 例如get got gotten

1个回答

  • A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.

    cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----put

    let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit

    shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 0读音 /e/

    lie---lied---lied 说谎 lay---laid---laid 放置,下蛋

    lay--- lain 躺下,位于,平放

    B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同

    1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是[ :t]

    bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----bought000

    catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught

    2. 动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词.

    get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told

    3. 动词原形中i为a, … sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat

    4. 动词原形中i为o, … win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined

    5. 动词原形中an为oo, … stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood

    6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,… say----said----said pay----paid----paid

    7. a)动词原形中的d为t,… send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent

    spend----spent----spent build----built----built

    b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , … smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost

    c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, … learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant 读音/e/

    d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/

    feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept sweep---swept----swept

    keep---- kept----- kept

    其它meet----met----met have----had----had hold----held----held

    make----made----made dig----dug----dug hear----heard----heard

    find----found----found 0 hang----hung0----hung

    C.原型与过去分词相同

    come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become

    D. 原形,过去式, 和 过去分词完全不同

    1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词.

    begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung

    swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung 0

    2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.

    blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---known

    throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown ( 和以上相似)

    3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类.

    a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词.

    drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen write---wrote---written (双写t )

    ride----rode----ridden (双写d )

    b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.

    speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken

    c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词.

    wake----woke----woken 000freeze----froze----frozen

    choose----chose----chosen 00forget----forgot----forgotten (双写t,加en )

    d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词

    eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten fall----fell----fallen

    give----gave----given see----saw----seen take----took----taken

    mistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden (双写d )

    E. 没有过去分词的动词

    can ----- could - may---- might - shall---- should- will ---- would -

    其它

    am, is ---- was----- been are-----were----- been000 do-----did----- done

    draw-----drew----- drawn/ :/00go-----went----- gone show----showed----shown

    wear--- wore ---- worn

    不规则动词的过去式

    不规则动词的过去式是学习的重点,也是一个难点.应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下:

    1. 把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式.过去分词不变.如:

    become—became, come—came

    2.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式.如:

    begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam ,sink—sank,

    3.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式.如:

    drive—drove,ride—rode,shine—shone,win—won,write—wrote

    4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式.如:

    get—got,forget—forgot

    5.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式.如:

    keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept

    6. 动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式.如:

    stand—stood,understand—understood

    7.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式.如:

    draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)

    8.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式.如:

    break—broke,speak—spoke

    9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式.如:

    sell—sold,tell—told

    10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是[ :t]的过去式.如:

    bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught

    11.以ould结尾且读音为[ud]的情态动词过去式.如:

    can—could,shall—should,will—would

    12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变.如:

    hear[hi ]—heard[h :d], say[sei]—said[sed],

    mean[mi:n]—meant[ment], dream—dreamt [dremt]

    13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样.如:

    cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let,must—must,

    put—put,read—read[red],set—set

    14. 动词的过去式有两种形式.如:

    00dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined

    smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked

    15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式.如:

    am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,

    feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hide—hid,

    hold—held,lay—laid,leave—left,lie—lay,lose—lost,make—made,may—

    might,run—ran,see—saw, smell—smelt,take—took,wake—woke,

    wear—wore