基本句型
（1）简单句 主－ 谓－ 宾
主－ 系－ 表
（2）复合句 主句 ＋连词 ＋从句
连词 ＋从句 ,主句
（3）并列句 句1 ＋ 连词 ＋ 句2
基本概念
（1）有主语、有谓语方可称为句子,否则为短语.
（2）主句和从句必须有连接词衔接.连接句可在两个句子中间,亦可放置于句首.
解题要点
（1）寻找谓语动词或系动词以确定主谓结构
（2）寻找连接词以确定句子结构
（3）分别检查主句和从句的主谓结构
全真倒题分析
1. 简单句中主语谓语要完整
(1)
In addition to pleasure, ------- excitement, challenge, and relaxation.
(A) the providing of garrets
(B) games if providing
(C) the games which provide (94.5)
(D) games provide
[答案] D 空格前为一介词短语、空格后为三个并列名.此句即无主语,也无谓语,故选择含有动词的答案（D）.寻找动词是最快捷的途径.
(2)
------has won consistent praise for her novels about Black children.
(A) Virginia Hamilton who
(B) Because Virginia Hamilton
(C) Virginia Hamilton
(D) The fact than Virginia Hamilton (93.3)
[答案] C 空格后面是谓语动词形式has own, 故空格内应主语句词,即（C）.
(3)
With affection and humor, poet phyllis McGinley ------- of ordinary life.
(A) the virtues were praised
(B) praised the virtues
(C) she praised the virtues
(D) her praise of the virtues (92.8)
[答案] B 此句有主语,但缺谓语动词,故选择（B）.
(4)
------- became a state in 1876.
(A) When Colorado
(B) Colorado
(C) It was Colorado
(D) Colorado.which
[答案] B 空格后的谓动词be came表明应选择一个名词作主语,即（B）.
2. 主句和从句皆要有完整的主语和谓语
(1)
Because it hardens soft metals such as tin and lead, ------- in alloys.
(A) antimony is used
(B) using antimony
(C) antimony uses
(D) to use antimony (93.3)
[答案] A Because 引导的状语从句主谓结构完整,而主句却主谓俱缺,故选择主谓完整而句意正确的答案（A）.
(2)
The dominant philosophy of the Age of Enlightenmers ------- in the universe in terms of forces that could be detected by the human senses.
(A) an explanation for everything
(B) attempted to explain everything
(C) everything was an attempt
(D) explained and attempted
[答案] B 这是个含有定语从句的复合句.主句缺少谓语动词,故选择（B）.答案（D）亦为动词,但缺少宾语.
(3)
------- that both birds and mamma 8|5 become larger, their metabolite rates per unit of tissue decrease, and they generally live longer.
(A) The truth (B) If true
(C) It is tr (D) To be true (93.1)
[答案] C 空格后面的连接词That 表明此处应填入主句,即含有主语和谓语的答案.四项选择中只有（C）是完整的句子.
(4)
Prescriptions for corrective lenses that are provided by an optometrist are often brought to an optician who ------- the lenses.
(A) grinding
(B) grinds
(C) they grind
(D) are ground
[答案] B 空格前面的连接词 who引导一个定语从句.此句缺少谓语动词,故选择答案（B）.答案（D）亦为谓语动词形式,但被动语态不适合本句.