求初一英语上册知识点及复习提纲、、、谢谢

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  • 我的是人教版的啊一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写

    要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距.

    二、be动词的用法

    be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are.记忆口诀:

    “我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”;单数全都用is,复数全部都用are.

    三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)

    1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria).

    2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria.

    3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it.

    4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their.

    5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs.

    6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves.

    四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)

    zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one.

    五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句

    1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句.一般疑问句句尾读升调.

    2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句.特殊疑问句句尾读降调.

    六、可数名词变复数

    可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种.

    1、规则变化:

    1)一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;

    2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加“-es ”,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;

    3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加“-es ”,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;

    4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为“ves ”,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;

    5)以o结尾的词,加“-s ”或“-es ”,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等.记忆口诀:除了“英雄”hero外,凡是能吃的,加“-es ”,不能吃的加“-s ”.

    2、不规则变化:

    1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;

    2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;

    3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等.

    七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则

    最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当.

    主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性.当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单”)时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非“三单”时,谓语动词就用原形.实意动词变“三单”的规则如下:

    1)一般动词在词尾加“-s ”,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;

    2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;

    3)以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”,如:do-does, go-goes等;

    4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加“-而是”,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;

    5)have的三单形式是has.

    八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)

    冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种.

    1、定冠词the表示“特指”,可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”.

    2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是“一个”.an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前.

    3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”,而基数词则强调“数量”.

    九、助动词(do, does )的用法

    只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词.以like为例:

    1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及“主谓一致”原则.

    eg : I like English a lot.

    Michael likes Chinese food very much.

    2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为“三单”时,要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时,用助动词原形do.例如把下列句子变否定句:

    Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.

    They like sports.------They don't like sports.

    3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:

    Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.

    Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.

    十、名词所有格

    1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;

    2、用of表示“.的”,但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)

    3、have与of的区别:

    have一般表示“主动拥有”,往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”,表示所属关系时要用of.例如:

    I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.

    a door of the house

    十一、课本中的知识点

    1、Unit 1 ——Unit 2

    1)问候语:

    Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.

    How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.

    Hi! Hello!

    How do you do?

    2)道别用语:

    Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)

    Nice to meet/ see you, too.

    Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!

    3)介绍人或者物的句型:This is...

    4)Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别:

    Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉.

    5)词组be from = come from

    in English

    5)当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答. 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.

    What are those?----They are books.

    6)对Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.

    7)look the same = have the same looks

    give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.

    be like = look like

    in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in)

    in red(穿着红色的衣服)

    in the desk(在空间范围之内)

    in English(用英语)

    help sb. do sth.

    8)both与all的区别:

    both表示“两者都.”;all表示“三者及以上都.”.

    2、Unit 3——Unit 4

    1)speak的用法

    speak与say不同:speak表示“说”的动作,不表示“说”的内容;say则表示“说”的内容.

    speak后面除了能接“语言”外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示“对.说”.

    help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习.)

    want to do sth.(想要做某事)

    would like to do sth.

    not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)

    like...a lot = like...very much

    2)some和any的区别:

    口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any.例如:

    I have some money.

    I don't have any money.

    Do you have any money?

    3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)

    4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)

    祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Don't开头.例如:

    Don't go there!

    5)问职业:

    What does sb. do?

    What is sb.?

    What's sb.'s job?

    6)work与job的区别:

    work是未必有报酬的“工作”,例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”.

    7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:

    on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground

    8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)

    look after(照料/照顾/照看)

    help oneself(请自便/随便吃)

    9)表示“建议”的句型:“做某事如何?”

    What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)

    How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)

    Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?

    10)“吃”一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper

    have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper

    take one's order

    be kind to sb.

    11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间.

    12)在口语中往往用take表示“买”.

    13)how many与how much的区别:

    how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词

    14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;

    How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度.

    think about(考虑)

    Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢)

    Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用.)

    15)one与it的区别:

    当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it.例如:

    Ann :I have a yellow bag.

    Jane :I have a green one.

    Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?

    Mike : Look, it's over there.

    16)倒装句

    Here you are.

    Here it is.

    17)be free (有空/免费)

    forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)

    forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)

    What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?

    18)go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的.例如:

    go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等

    19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,“不得不去做某事”)

    must 则表示主观愿望

    20)fly a kite = fly kites

    be free = have time

    21)时间的表述

    当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用“分钟”past“小时”.例如:

    8:23——twenty-three past eight

    当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”.例如:

    8:49——eleven to nine

    当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:

    8:23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine

    整点则在数词后加“-o'clock”,例如:8:00——eight o'clock

    在钟点前介词要用at.

    22)句型“该干某事了.”:It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.

    例如:该吃午饭了.

    It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.