I realized 是主句的主语和谓语
That引导的是宾语从句,做realized的宾语,
who 引导的是定语从句,修饰villagers,had gathered是这个定语从句的谓语,around me是状语.
were arguing是that引导的宾语从句的谓语,as to原因状语,为什么而争论, as to 后面的who又是一个从句,做as to 的宾语(to在这里是介词)should have谓语
翻译就是:我认识到围在我身边的村民正在为谁能荣幸地接纳我作为他们家的客人her争论着.