1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句.疑问代词有下列几个:
指 人:who,whom,whose
指 物:what
既可指人又可指物:which
2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化.what,which,whose还可作限定词.试比较:
疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk?
桌上的书是谁的?
What was the directional flow of U.S.territorial expansion?
美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?
限定词:Whose books are these on the desk?
桌上的书是谁的?
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?
说明1:
无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同.what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:
Which girls do you like best?
你喜欢哪几个姑娘?
What girls do you like best?
你喜欢什么样的姑娘?
说明2:
Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom,例如:
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代.)
说明3:
疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如:
For what do most people live and work?
大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)
What are you looking for?
你在找什么?(现代英语)
说明4:
疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在.
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?
Much of what you say I agree with,but I cannot go all the way with you.
你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同.
3)疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,疑问代词一般都放在句首,并在句中作为某一句子成分.如:
①What is this?(what作表语)这是什么?
② Which is bigger,the left one or the right one?(which作主语)哪一个大一点,左边的一个还是右边的一个?
③What are you talking about?(what作宾语)你在说什么?
④Who will go with you?(who作主语)谁和你一起去?
⑤Whom are you talking to?(whom作宾语)你在跟谁说话?
⑥Whose dictionary is this?(whose作定语)这是谁的字典?
●which表示在一定数目(或范围)之内的选择,what则没有这种限制.如:
①Which do you prefer,coffee or tea?咖啡和茶,你喜欢喝哪种?
②What do you usually drink before dinner?
你饭前通常喝什么?
4)疑问代词可以引导主语、宾语、表语从句等.疑问代词本身在从句中担当一定的句子成分.如:
①Who will attend the meeting is still not decided.
谁出席这个会议,现在还没有决定.(疑问代词who引导一个主语从句,它本身又在从句中作主语.)
②Do you know which grade she is in?
你知道她上几年级了吗?(疑问代词which引导宾语从句,它本身在从句中作定语.)
③What he says sounds true.
他讲的话听起来很对.(疑问代词what虽然相当于all that,它引导一个主语从句,但它本身作从句的宾语.)
④What his name is remains unknown.
还没有人知道他叫什么名字.(疑问代词what引导主语从句,what在从句中作表语)