1.陈述句,主系表结构,主语是Human beings,
系动词are,表语是the only creatures.
2.括号内的部分是形容词词组,是表语creatures的定语,省略了that are,原句为:Human beings are the only creatures that are capable of abstract thought.
人类是唯一能够抽象思维的生物.
再给你一个简单的例子,同括号里的一样:
a bottle (that is)filled with water
装满水的瓶子