直接引语和间接引语（Direct Speech and indirect Speech)
直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语.用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语.间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句.直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号.例如：Mr Black said,“I'm busy” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙”（直接引语）
Mr Black said that he was busy.布莱克先生说他很忙.（间接引语）
1 陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化.在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时,要特别注意句子的意义.
1）人称的变化
a) He said,“I like it very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它.”
He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它.
b) He saidto me,“I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我把书放在你的房间里了.”
He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了.
2）时态的变化 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化.如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化.
时态的变化
例句 直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
→一般过去时
He said,“I'm afraid I can't finish this work.”
He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish that work.
现在进行时
→过去进行时
He said,“I'm using theknife.”
He said that he was using the knife.
现在完成时
→过去完成时
She said,“I have not heard from him since May.”
She said that she had not heard from him since May.
一般过去时
→过去完成
He said,“I came to help you.”
He said that he had come to help me.
过去完成时不变
He said,“I had finished my homework before supper.”
He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：
变化
例句直接引语
间接引语
this-that
这个-那个
She said,“Iwill come this morning."
She said that she would go that morning.
these-those
这些=那些
He said,"These books are mine."
He said that those books were his.
now-then
现在-那时
He said,"It is nine 0'clock now."
He said that it was nine 0'clock then.
today-that day
今天-那天
He said,"I haven't seen her today."
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
yesterday-
the day before
昨天-前一天
she said,"I went there yesterday."
She said that she had gone there the day before.
tomorrow-
the next
(following) day
明天-第二天
she said,"I'll go there tomorrow."
She said that she would go there the next (following) day.
here-there
这里-那里
come-go
来-去
注：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变.如：
He said,"Light travels much faster than sound."
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
(2)如果在当地转述,here 不必改为there,动词come 不必改为go.如果在当天转述yesterday,tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变