(1)反应为H 2+Cl 2=2HCl,焓变=反应物键能之和-生成物键能之和=436.0kJ•mol -1+242.7kJ•mol -1-2×431.8kJ•mol -1=-184.9KJ/mol;
氢气和氯气反应的热化学方程式为:H 2(g)+Cl 2(g)=2HCl(g)△H=-184.9kJ/mol;
故答案为:H 2(g)+Cl 2(g)=2HCl(g)△H=-184.9kJ/mol;
(2)①2H 2(g)+O 2(g)═2H 2O(g)△H=-483.6kJ/mol;
②H 2(g)+
1
2 O 2(g)═H 2O(1)△H=-285.8kJ/mol,
依据盖斯定律①÷2-②,得到H 2O(1)=H 2O(g)△H=44KJ/mol;
蒸发45g液态水物质的量为2.5mol,生成气体水需吸收热量=2.5mol×44KJ/mol=110KJ;
故答案为:110