状语从句:
用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句.作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句.例如:条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语.
状语从句的分类:
(1)时间状语从句
凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有when,before,after,until,as soon as,while 等.
(2)条件状语从句
主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句.if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句时,表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生.例如:
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里.
If I get there early,I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病.
3)地点状语从句用法要点
常用where(哪里)和wherever(无论哪里)eg.
Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竟成.
We will go wherever the motherland need us most.我们要到祖国最需要的地方去.
(4)原因状语从句用法要点
常用的引导连词有because,as和since,三者的区别是:在回答问题的时候,使用because;对于显而易见的原因,常用as或since;as和since的从句常放在主句之前,而because的从句常放在主句之后.eg.
Why did you go?I went because Tom told me to go.你为何去?那是因为汤姆叫我去.
He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.
他很生气不是因为我们来迟了,而是因为我们弄出了声音.
As it was raining hard,we had to be indoors.由于雨太大,我们只好呆在家里.
Since you feel ill,you'd better not go to work.既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了.
(5)目的状语从句用法要点
常用的引导连词有so that,that和in order that译为:以便,为了,目的是.eg.
Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.请讲慢一点,以便我们能作详细笔记.
I shall write down your address that I may not forget.我要把你的地址记下来,以免忘记.
I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time.这封信我以航空信发出,以便他能及时收到.
注:目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语.eg.
We work harder than usual finish it in a week.我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作.
三、主句与从句时态一致的问题.
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况:
1.若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词,或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时.例如:
Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心.
Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask.如果你们有问题要问的话,请举手.
The traffic must stop when the lights are red.红灯亮时,车辆必须停下.
2.若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去,那么主从句都可以用一般过去时.例如:
She could sing when she was four years old.她四岁的时候就会唱歌.