解题思路:标况下,水是液体,气体摩尔体积对其不适用,n(HCl)=3.01×10236.02×1023/mol=0.5mol、n(H2S)=13.6g34g/mol=0.4mol、n(NH3)=0.2mol,根据V=nVm、ρ=MVm、m=nM、N=nNA再结合物质状态分析解答.
标况下,水是液体,气体摩尔体积对其不适用,n(HCl)=
3.01×1023
6.02×1023/mol=0.5mol、n(H2S)=[13.6g/34g/mol]=0.4mol、n(NH3)=0.2mol,
A.水的体积是0.112L,V(HCl)=0.5mol×22.4L/mol=11.2L、V(H2S)=0.4mol×22.4L/mol=8.96L、V(NH3)=0.2mol×22.4L/mol=4.48L,所以由小到大排列正确的是①④③②,故A正确;
B.水的密度是1g/mL,根据ρ=
M
Vm知,气体密度与其摩尔质量成正比,HCl的摩尔质量是36.5g/mol、硫化氢摩尔质量是34g/mol、氨气摩尔质量是17g/mol,气体密度都小于1g/mL,所以密度从小到大顺序是④③②①,故B错误;
C.水的质量是112g,m(HCl)=0.5mol×36.5g/mol=18.25g、m(H2S)=0.4mol×34g/mol=13.6g、m(NH3)=0.2mol×17g/mol=3.4g,所以质量从小到大顺序是④③②①,故C错误;
D.水中N(H)=
112g
18g/mol×NA/mol×2=12.4NA,HCl中N(H)=0.5mol×NA/mol×1=0.5NA,硫化氢中N(H)=0.4mol×NA/mol×2=0.8NA,氨气中N(H)=0.2×NA/mol×3=0.6NA,所以H原子个数由小到大顺序是②④③①,故D错误;
故选A.
点评:
本题考点: 阿伏加德罗定律及推论.
考点点评: 本题考查了阿伏伽德罗定律及其推论,明确各个物理量之间的关系是解本题关键,灵活运用公式即可解答,注意气体摩尔体积的适用范围,水的有关计算为易错点.