There be句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物),而并非某地(某人、某物或某时)拥有什么东西”,其形式为“There be＋代词或名词(短语)＋地点/时间状语”.(其实质句式为倒装句)这里there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语.be要与主语保持人称和数的一致.否定句是在be后加not；一般疑问句是将be放在句首；反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)＋there”构成.例如：
1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
(紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk,是单数,故be的形式要用is)
2.There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句)
3.Is there anything wrong with your ears?(Yes,there is/No,there isn't.)
4.There wasn't a meeting yesterday,was there?(反意疑问句)
除此之外,还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”,要用“There be＋sb.＋doing sth.＋地点/时间状语”.例如：
There are several children swimming in the river.河里有几个孩子在游泳.
不难看出,各种时态的变化是通过be动词的变化来体现的.我们在使用过程中,首要的问题是弄清楚There be与have所表示的意义.There be句型表示“存在”关系,have表示“所属”关系,两者不能混合在一个句子中.
例如：我们要说“明天有一个班会.”
(1)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.(×）
(2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.(√)
有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时,两种都可以用.
例如：Class Three have a map of China on the wall.(地图为三班学生所有.)
There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.(地图存在于三班.)
由此看来,There will have是错误的搭配方式.
使用There be句型时除了掌握基础知识外,还应注意以下问题：
1.There be句型的考查更多的是将be动词与主语结合在一起进行的,即主谓的一致性.
例如：(1)There is _____ on the floor.
(2)There are _____ on the floor.
选项：A.cat B.water C.boxes D.football
解析：(1)由is可知主语应是可数名词单数或不可数名词,而A、D项中都缺少冠词a,故选B,同理可知(2)应选C.
2.如果作主语的是一个短语,则常常考查短语中的修饰语.可数名词的复数形式前可以用any,some,few,a few,many或用数词＋hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/thousands/millions of,no等修饰；不可数名词可以受any,some,no,little,a little,much等词的修饰.例如：
(1)There were_____students in our school.
A.hundreds B.eight hundred
C.eight hundreds of
(2)There is _____water.You needn't get some more.
A.few B.little C.much
解析：(1)由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B,(2)由water可知排除A项,再由后一句意思便知选C.
3.注意不定代词的用法.
(1)不定代词在句中作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式.例如：There is nothing in the fridge.(2)不定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词前面.例如：There is something interesting in today's newspaper.
4.There be句型的反意疑问句,要注意陈述部分的形式.
如果陈述部分含有little,few,no,nobody,none等否定词时,后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式.例如：There is nobody in the room,is there?
但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看做肯定句式.例如：There is something unusual in the room,isn't there?
5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性.
有的句子单独看其意义时,可能不止一个选项适合于它,但如果联系上下句的意思则只能有一个恰当的选项.
例如：(1)There is _____ food.You needn't buy any.
A.any B.some C.no
(2) There is _____ food.You have to buy some.
A.any B.some C.no
从这两题中的第一个句子来看均可选用some和no,但与后面的句意结合看,答案则是唯一的：(1)B；(2)C.
6.There be句型还有就近一致原则：即be动词的数应与离它最近的一个主语保持一致.
例如：用be动词的适当形式填空
(1)There ___ an apple and three oranges on the table.
(2)___ there three oranges and an apple on the table?
解析：(1)因为该句中an apple才是与be动词接近的主语,而并非an apple and three oranges是句子的主语,故而(1)的答案应为is.
(2)因为该句中three oranges才是与be动词接近的主语,而并非three oranges and an apple是句子的主语,故而(2)的答案应为Are.
There be句型命题趋向有两个方面：一是进一步加强对知识的理解与运用方面的考查.例如be动词与主语的一致性、名词或代词的修饰语、搭配关系、含否定词的反意疑问句等.二是有可能出现“有某人在做某事”这一句型,即“There be＋sb.＋doing sth.＋地点/时间状语”.另外,还得提醒一下同学们,如果要表达诸如“这里/那里(挺漂亮……)等”这样的修饰句型,应用“It’s… here/there.”而不是“Here/there is…”.
中考原题
1.—Oh,there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift.
—It doesn't matter,let's wait for the next.
A.ground B.floor C.place D.room
2.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.
A.was B.will be
C.will have D.are going to be
3.There _____ a football game in our school.
A.has B.will have C.will be
4.There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening.
A.have；on B.be；on
C.have；for D.be；of
5.There is _____ food here.We'll have to buy some.
A.any B.some C.no
6.There are _____ days in a week.
A.the seven B.seventh
C.the seventh D.seven
7.There are few _____ in the fridge.Let's go and buy some peas,carrots and cabbages.
A.vegetables B.fruit
C.meat D.eggs
8.Look!There are some _____ on the floor.
A.child B.water C.boxes D.girl
9.There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.
A.hundreds B.hundreds of
C.hundred
10.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn't _____ news.
A.many B.a few
C.much D.few
参考答案
1—5 D B C B C
6—10 D A C C C
How many 问多少,
可数名词复数紧跟着.
一般疑问句随其后,
其它成分不要丢.
举个例子来说明:
How many days are there in a week?
记一记,用一用,
多记多练更熟练.
希望能帮到你.