题目中“a,b∈R”,R应是P.
①1,2∈Z,1/2不属于Z,此为反例,不填;
②令M=Q∪{π},1,π∈M,1+π不属于M,此为反例,不填;
③令数域P,a,b∈P,由互异性a,b不会同时为0,不妨设a≠0,则
a+b,a-b∈P
(a+b)+(a-b)=2a∈P
2a/a=2∈P
a/a=1∈P
1-1=0∈P (数域必含元素0,1得证)
2+1=3∈P
3+1=4∈P
…………
因此,数域必为无限集,填.
(对于你说的{0,1},1+1=2不属于{0,1},所以{0,1}不是数域.)
④显然{F|F={a+b√p|a,b∈Q},p是质数}是无限集,且是数域集的子集,因此存在无穷多个数域,填.
令a,b,c,d∈Q,p是质数,则a+b√p,c+d√p∈F
a+c,b+d∈Q => (a+b√p)+(c+d√p)=a+c+(b+d)√p∈F
a-c,b-d∈Q => (a+b√p)-(c+d√p)=a-c+(b-d)√p∈F
ac+bdq,ad+bc∈Q => (a+b√p)(c+d√p)=ac+bdq+(ad+bc)√p∈F
(ac-bdq)/(c²-d²p),(bc-ad)/(c²-d²p)∈Q
=> (a+b√p)/(c+d√p)=(a+b√p)(c-d√p)/(c+d√p)(c-d√p)=[ac-bdq+(bc-ad)√p]/(c²-d²p)
=(ac-bdq)/(c²-d²p)+[(bc-ad)/(c²-d²p)]√p∈F
综合上述,p是质数时,F是数域,质数有无数个,因此F有无数个,因此数域有无数个.