Question

关于that 做什么成分的问题Having experienced one failure after another,

Answer 1

Having experienced one failure after another,现在分词短语,做时间状语

we 主语

realize 谓语

that there is no short cut in doing anything 宾语从句

and that if we want to succeed we should work hard.另一个并列的宾语从句

再分析这个并列的宾语从句：

and 并列连词

that 宾语从句的连词

if we want to succeed 条件状语从句

we should work hard.宾语从句的主句