情态动词
+have+done
一、“must+have+done
”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句.
1.It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的.
2.You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了.
二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”.
1.Mr.Smith can't have gone to Beijing,for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他.
2.Mary can't have stolen your money.She has gone home.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了.
三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过„„吗?”.
1.There is no light in the room.Can they have gone out?
屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
2.There is nowhere to find them.Where can they have gone?
到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?
四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做.
He could have passed the exam,but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心.
五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已
经”,用于肯定句中.
—
What has happened to George?
—
I don't know.He may have got lost.
—乔治发生了什么事?
—我不知道,他可能迷路了.
六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小.
多用于虚拟语气结构中.
1.He might have given you more help,even though he was busy.(MET90)
他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙.
2.She might have achieved greater progress,if you had given her more chances.
如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩.
七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”.
1.I would have told you all about the boy's story,but you didn't ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我.
2.Without your help,I wouldn't have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩.
八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做.”
“shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了.含有指责对方或自责
的含意.
1.Tom,you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday.
汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的.
2.Look,Tom is crying.I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.
看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉.
九、“ought
to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做„„”,往
往表示遗憾.与“should+have+done”用法基本一样.
I ought to have gone home last Sunday.
我理应上星期日回家.
You ought not to have given him more help.
你不应该帮助他那么多.
十、“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做.“needn't+have+done”则表示
“本来不需要做某事而做了”.
1.I needn't have bought so much wine
—only five people came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人.
2.He need have hurried to the station.In that case,be wouldn't have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车.