1.均为状语
2.句首不定式多表示目的 (a),或修饰整个句子表明说话人的态度 (b) ,表示结果的情形较少见 (c) :
a) To climb the rock face,we had to take various precautions.
b) To sum up,it is absolutely necessary.
c) Only to show his ignorance of the subject,he made a long speech.(倒装显得生硬)
3.句首分词多表示时间 (a),原因 (b),伴随状况 (c),或条件 (d) :