1．一般情况下在原形后加-ed.如：work-worked,help-helped.
2．以e结尾的单词,在原形后加-d.如：like-liked,joke-joked,hope-hoped.
3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的单词,变y为i再加-ed.如：study-studied,carry-carried,copy-copied.
4．以重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的单词,双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed.如：stop-stopped,prefer-preferred,admit-admitted,plan-planned.
有些动词的过去式和过去分词有特殊的形式.
cost-cost-cost
meet-met- met
catch-caught-caught
rise-rose-risen
drive-drove- driven
get-got-got/gotten
leave-left-left
smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled
tell-told-told
take-took-taken
现在分词的构成规则如下：
一般情况-ing；以不发音的-e结尾,去-e再加-ing；以重读闭音节结尾,末尾为一个辅音字母,它的前面是单个元音字母,将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加-ing.
以-ie结尾的动词构成现在分词时,要变-ie为-y,再加-ing