Besides: 除了……以外,(还有……)
Besides your letter, I got 5 more from others.
除了你的,我还收到其他人发的五封信。
Except:除了……以外,(没有……)
I will play bastball with anybody except you.
除了你以外,我跟谁打球都行。(要打篮球,除了你以外,我再没人需要排除的了。)
He is a wise man except that he married a wrong woman.
他人挺聪明,就是找错了老婆。(除了娶错人这件事之外,就没做过不明智的事。)
Except for:除了……以外,跟except的区别在于except for后面跟的词与前面提到的不是同一类别或不是同一范畴。
借用前面一个例句:The street is clear except for some cars parking alongside.
按我的理解,except for + 名词 完全可以用except that + 从句来 代替,如:The street is clear except that there are some cars parking alongside.