had had 是过去完成时,而have had是现在完成时.
现在完成时和过去完成时的区别
一、从结构上区别
现在完成时:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 (肯定式)
主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 (否定式)
Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 (疑问式)
过去完成时:主语 + had + 过去分词 (肯定式)
主语 +had + not + 过去分词 (否定式)
Had + 主语 + 过去分词 (疑问式)
(二)从时间状语区别
现在完成时:常用的时间状语包括 “now,today,tonight,this week,this year,already,yet,just,recently…etc”.
过去完成时:常用的时间状语包括 “by,at,before等构成的短语”.
注意:当表示一段时间,现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语.
(三)使用时注意事项
使用现在完成时应该注意:
1.“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时,但和have/ has 为同一意义,即 “有”.
例如:Have you got a pen-friend?你有笔友吗?
Yes,I have.是的,我有.
Has he got a lot of work to do?他有许多工作要做吗?
No,he hasn’t.不,他没有.
2.have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别
have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”; have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”.have/ has
been to常和once,twice,never,ever连用; have/ has gone to则不可.例如:
— Have Jack ever been to Beijing?杰克去过北京吗?
— Yes,he’s been there several times.是的,他去过好几次了.
— Where have Mary and Tom gone?玛丽和汤姆去哪里了?
— They’ve gone to London.他们去伦敦了.
3.非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中.
这类动词有:come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等.但它们能够
用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词.例如:
arrive,come → be here,be in
begin,start → be on
buy → have
die → be dead
fall asleep(ill) → be asleep (ill)
finish,end → be over
get to know → know
get up → be up
go out → be out
join → be in ,be a + 名词
leave,move → be away,be out of
使用过去完成时应该注意:
如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时.例如:
When she came into the room,she found them sitting together singing.
她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌.
After we said good-bye to our friends,we left the village.
在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子.
总结:
现在完成时着眼于现在,强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果,或是由过去持续到现在的动作.
I have cleaned the classroom .(强调扫地所产生的结果:地干净了!)
We have lived here for ten years.(“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时)
We have lived here since we came here.(“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时)
过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别,表达的是“过去的过去”,即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”,两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时,后发生的则只用一般过去时.运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作,一定要注意这点哟!
Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.("来”中国已过去,而先前“住”在纽约更过去!)(另外注意:“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在哟!)
We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.
(“上期期末”已过去,而是在其前“学”的就更过去了!)