(1)
.
x ′ =
1
n (x′ 1+x′ 2+…+x′ n),
=
1
n [(ax 1+b)+(ax 2+b)+…+(ax n+b)],
=
1
n [a(x 1+x 2+…+x n)+nb],
= a
.
x +b .
(2)S′2=
1
n [(x′ 1-
.
x′ ) 2+(x′ 2-
.
x′ ) 2+…+(x′ n-
.
x′ ) 2],
=
1
n [(ax 1+b-a
.
x -b) 2+(ax 2+b-a
.
x -b) 2+…+(ax n+b-a
.
x -b) 2],
=
1
n [a 2(x 1-
.
x ) 2+a 2(x 2-
.
x ) 2+…+a 2(x n-
.
x ) 2],
=a 2S 2.