初中时期必学英语时态所有结构?

1个回答

  • 一、一般现在时

    (1)有 be 动词时:(be 有 am,is,are 三种形态,在此仅以 is 为例举例)

    陈述句:Michael is a student.

    否定句:Michael isn't a student.

    疑问句:Is Michael a student?

    回答:Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.

    (2)有情态动词时:(以 can 为例)

    陈述句:Jane can speak Chinese well.

    否定句:Jane can't speak Chinese well.

    疑问句:Can Jane speak Chinese well?

    回答:Yes, she can. / No, she can't.

    (3)当谓语动词为“实意动词”时:(以 go 为例)

    陈述句:Tom goes to school by bike. / They go to school by bike.

    否定句:Tom doesn't go to school by bike. / They don't go to school by bike.

    疑问句:Does Tom go to school by bike? / Do they go to school by bike?

    回答:Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. / Yes, they do. / No, they don't.

    二、现在进行时

    结构:主语 + be + v-ing

    标志:居首一般有 Look! / Listen! 句尾一般有 now / at the moment.

    举例:

    陈述句:He is doing his homework now.

    否定句:He isn't doing his homework now.

    疑问句:Is he doing his homework now?

    回答:Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.

    三、一般将来时

    结构:

    主语 + be going to do sth.

    主语 + will / shall do sth.

    举例:

    陈述句:We are going to have a math test next week. / She will go to Beijing tomorrow.

    否定句:We aren't going to have a math test next week. / She won't go to Beijing tomorrow.

    疑问句:Are you going to have a math test next week? / Will she go to Beijing tomorrow?

    回答:Yes, we are. / No, we aren't. / Yes, she will. / No, she won't.

    (特例)

    在“主语 + be going to do sth.”结构中,当动词为 come,go,leave,start,move 时,则用现在进行时的结构表达一般将来时的含义.在此以 go 为例:

    陈述句:I'm going to Canada in five days.

    否定句:I'm not going to Canada in five days.

    疑问句:Are you going to Canada in five days?

    回答:Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.

    四、现在完成时

    结构:

    主语 + have / has + 过去分词

    标志:already / yet 等

    以动词 finish 为例:

    肯定句:Maria has finished her homework already.

    否定句:Maria hasn't finished her homework yet.

    疑问句:Has Maria finished her homework yet?

    回答:Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.

    (注意)

    在现在完成时中,当动词为“非延续性动词”时(例如 open / close / leave / borrow / die 等),不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,但可以采用其他方式表达相同的含义.现以 die 为例:

    翻译:他已经去世二十年了.

    (错误表述)He has died for twenty years.

    (正确表述)He has been dead for twenty years.

    (正确表述)He died twenty years ago.

    (正确表述)It has been twenty years since he died.

    五、上述四种语态均可用于“过去”的时态中,即:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时,在此略去举例.

    六、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用法.

    (1)比较级:A is taller than B. / The weather of Hainan is much higher than that of Harbin in June.

    (2)最高级:A is the hardest student in the class. / Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world.

    七、被动语态

    结构:助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词 (+ by )

    举例:

    (1)一般现在时:All the goods are made by machine.

    (2)一般过去时:These books were written by Mo Yan.

    (3)一般将来时:Doctor White will be invited to the meeting, too.

    (4)现在进行时:More new buildings are being built in my city.

    (5)过去进行时:She was being asked by the police at that time.

    (6)现在完成时:All the fireworks have been sold out.

    (7)过去完成时:All the tickets had been sold out when I got there.

    (8)过去将来时:He told me that the question would be talked about again.

    (9)将来完成时:They will have been finished their work by next month.

    (10)过去将来完成时:He told me that ten thousand words would have been learned by the time he left the university.

    八、从句

    1、主语从句

    引导词有:that,what,whether,when,wherever,who 等,主语从句的谓语动词必须用单数.

    举例:

    1) That he will fall the exam is certain.

    2) What she said is true.

    3) It doesn't matter when she leaves.

    4) Whoever is tired may rest.

    2、表语从句

    一般位于系动词之后.

    举例:

    The question is that I also like her.

    3、宾语从句

    句型:主句 + 连词 + 宾语从句

    连接宾语从句的词有:that,if,whether,who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever 等》

    举例:

    1) He said that he was the first to clamb to the top of the mountain.

    2) I wonder if / whether you could lend me tour bike.

    3) Parents shouldn't give their children whatever they want.

    4) She doesn't know who will come.

    5) He asked if / whether she had an apartment in the city.

    6) Who do you think they will travel with?

    4、状语从句

    (1)时间状语从句

    引导时间状语从句的连词有:when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,ever,as soon asimmediately,directly,hardly,hardly ... when 等.

    举例:

    1) When I was in Shanghai, I met her.

    2) Please wait until you are called.

    (2)地点状语从句

    常由 where 何 wherever 引导.

    举例:

    He lives where the street crosses the river.

    (3)原因状语从句

    常由 as,because,since,now that,seeing that 等引导,其中语气最强烈的就是 because.

    举例:

    He has to leave off because he is seriously ill.

    (4)条件状语从句

    常由 if,unless,as long as,so long as 等引导.

    举例:

    If you can correct your faults, your work is good.

    (5)目的状语从句

    常由 so that,in order to 等引导.

    举例:

    Speak loudly so that every one may hear you clearly.

    (6)比较状语从句

    常由 than,as,as ... as 等引导.

    举例:

    I have got as much money as I need.

    (7)让步状语从句

    常由 though / although,even though,as,if,even if 和 wh- + -ever 复合词引导.

    举例:

    Although I tried my best to learn English, I haven't passed the exam.

    (8)方式状语从句

    常由 as,as if,as though,how 等引导.

    举例:

    She looks as if she is still young.

    (9)结果状语从句

    常由 that,so / such that 等引导.

    举例:

    She is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect her.

    5、定语从句

    结构:

    . 先行词(被修饰的名词或代词) + 关系代词 / 关系副词 + .

    一般来说,修饰人用 who,whom,whose,that;修饰物用 that / which.

    举例:

    1) The road which through our school is very wide.

    2) This is the school where my brother studies

    3) Is there anything that you don't understand?.

    九、