一、一般现在时
(1)有 be 动词时:(be 有 am,is,are 三种形态,在此仅以 is 为例举例)
陈述句:Michael is a student.
否定句:Michael isn't a student.
疑问句:Is Michael a student?
回答:Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
(2)有情态动词时:(以 can 为例)
陈述句:Jane can speak Chinese well.
否定句:Jane can't speak Chinese well.
疑问句:Can Jane speak Chinese well?
回答:Yes, she can. / No, she can't.
(3)当谓语动词为“实意动词”时:(以 go 为例)
陈述句:Tom goes to school by bike. / They go to school by bike.
否定句:Tom doesn't go to school by bike. / They don't go to school by bike.
疑问句:Does Tom go to school by bike? / Do they go to school by bike?
回答:Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. / Yes, they do. / No, they don't.
二、现在进行时
结构:主语 + be + v-ing
标志:居首一般有 Look! / Listen! 句尾一般有 now / at the moment.
举例:
陈述句:He is doing his homework now.
否定句:He isn't doing his homework now.
疑问句:Is he doing his homework now?
回答:Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
三、一般将来时
结构:
主语 + be going to do sth.
主语 + will / shall do sth.
举例:
陈述句:We are going to have a math test next week. / She will go to Beijing tomorrow.
否定句:We aren't going to have a math test next week. / She won't go to Beijing tomorrow.
疑问句:Are you going to have a math test next week? / Will she go to Beijing tomorrow?
回答:Yes, we are. / No, we aren't. / Yes, she will. / No, she won't.
(特例)
在“主语 + be going to do sth.”结构中,当动词为 come,go,leave,start,move 时,则用现在进行时的结构表达一般将来时的含义.在此以 go 为例:
陈述句:I'm going to Canada in five days.
否定句:I'm not going to Canada in five days.
疑问句:Are you going to Canada in five days?
回答:Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
四、现在完成时
结构:
主语 + have / has + 过去分词
标志:already / yet 等
以动词 finish 为例:
肯定句:Maria has finished her homework already.
否定句:Maria hasn't finished her homework yet.
疑问句:Has Maria finished her homework yet?
回答:Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.
(注意)
在现在完成时中,当动词为“非延续性动词”时(例如 open / close / leave / borrow / die 等),不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,但可以采用其他方式表达相同的含义.现以 die 为例:
翻译:他已经去世二十年了.
(错误表述)He has died for twenty years.
(正确表述)He has been dead for twenty years.
(正确表述)He died twenty years ago.
(正确表述)It has been twenty years since he died.
五、上述四种语态均可用于“过去”的时态中,即:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时,在此略去举例.
六、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用法.
(1)比较级:A is taller than B. / The weather of Hainan is much higher than that of Harbin in June.
(2)最高级:A is the hardest student in the class. / Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world.
七、被动语态
结构:助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词 (+ by )
举例:
(1)一般现在时:All the goods are made by machine.
(2)一般过去时:These books were written by Mo Yan.
(3)一般将来时:Doctor White will be invited to the meeting, too.
(4)现在进行时:More new buildings are being built in my city.
(5)过去进行时:She was being asked by the police at that time.
(6)现在完成时:All the fireworks have been sold out.
(7)过去完成时:All the tickets had been sold out when I got there.
(8)过去将来时:He told me that the question would be talked about again.
(9)将来完成时:They will have been finished their work by next month.
(10)过去将来完成时:He told me that ten thousand words would have been learned by the time he left the university.
八、从句
1、主语从句
引导词有:that,what,whether,when,wherever,who 等,主语从句的谓语动词必须用单数.
举例:
1) That he will fall the exam is certain.
2) What she said is true.
3) It doesn't matter when she leaves.
4) Whoever is tired may rest.
2、表语从句
一般位于系动词之后.
举例:
The question is that I also like her.
3、宾语从句
句型:主句 + 连词 + 宾语从句
连接宾语从句的词有:that,if,whether,who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever 等》
举例:
1) He said that he was the first to clamb to the top of the mountain.
2) I wonder if / whether you could lend me tour bike.
3) Parents shouldn't give their children whatever they want.
4) She doesn't know who will come.
5) He asked if / whether she had an apartment in the city.
6) Who do you think they will travel with?
4、状语从句
(1)时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有:when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,ever,as soon asimmediately,directly,hardly,hardly ... when 等.
举例:
1) When I was in Shanghai, I met her.
2) Please wait until you are called.
(2)地点状语从句
常由 where 何 wherever 引导.
举例:
He lives where the street crosses the river.
(3)原因状语从句
常由 as,because,since,now that,seeing that 等引导,其中语气最强烈的就是 because.
举例:
He has to leave off because he is seriously ill.
(4)条件状语从句
常由 if,unless,as long as,so long as 等引导.
举例:
If you can correct your faults, your work is good.
(5)目的状语从句
常由 so that,in order to 等引导.
举例:
Speak loudly so that every one may hear you clearly.
(6)比较状语从句
常由 than,as,as ... as 等引导.
举例:
I have got as much money as I need.
(7)让步状语从句
常由 though / although,even though,as,if,even if 和 wh- + -ever 复合词引导.
举例:
Although I tried my best to learn English, I haven't passed the exam.
(8)方式状语从句
常由 as,as if,as though,how 等引导.
举例:
She looks as if she is still young.
(9)结果状语从句
常由 that,so / such that 等引导.
举例:
She is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect her.
5、定语从句
结构:
. 先行词(被修饰的名词或代词) + 关系代词 / 关系副词 + .
一般来说,修饰人用 who,whom,whose,that;修饰物用 that / which.
举例:
1) The road which through our school is very wide.
2) This is the school where my brother studies
3) Is there anything that you don't understand?.
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