1.Tired as he was是部分倒装句型.
该语法规定：如果as/though翻译为“尽管/虽然”引导让步状语从句时,则把从句的表语/状语/谓语提前,再加上as/though,其他部分句序不变.
如：Young as he is,he knows a lot.
尽管他很年轻,但是他知道很多.
Tired as he was就和上述结构一样,意思是“尽管/虽然他很累”.
2.not all...和all...not...一样,都属于部分否定.
但是前者可以把not直接放在all的前面,而后者的not必须把该句变成相应的否定句结构,而不能直接在谓语加上not.
即：Not all the ants go out for food.
= All the ants don't go out for food.
≠ All the ants not go out for food.
再如：Not all the students can study hard.
= All the students can not study hard.