Question

常见的同义词，和句型转换

Answer 1

（1）将肯定句改为否定句时，除要正确使用谓语动词的否定形式外，还要将句中的some改为any，将something改为anything等。例如： （例1.）There is some rice in the bowl.→ There isn’t any rice in the bowl. （例2.）They bought something in the supermarket.→ They didn’t buy anything in the supermarket. （2）将陈述句改为一般疑问句时，要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其时态形式确定其疑问式，同时还要注意将原句中的some改为any，将something改为anything等。 例如： （例1.）I’ve got some money with me.→ Have you got any money with you？ （例2.）Mr.Wang said something about the accident at themeeting.→ Did Mr.Wang say anything about the accident at the meeting？ （3）将陈述句改为反意疑问句时，除了遵循陈述部分若为肯定式，疑问部分则用否定式和陈述部分若为否定式，疑问部分则用肯定式的原则外，还要注意：当陈述部分含有little，few，no，nothing，never等否定意义的词时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。另外，还要注意部分情态动词的特殊情况，如当陈述部分为must be，表示对现在情况的推测，作“一定”或“肯定” 讲时，疑问部分的动词一般用be的相应否定形式，而不用mustn’t。例如： （例1.）Tom likes reading，doesn’t he？ There weren’t any mice in the room，were there？ （例2.）There is little water in the cup，is there？ They must be in the reading-room，aren’t they？ （4）对划线部分提问时，可按一定、二移（或加）、三变化、四删除的步骤进行。第一步“定”，就是根据划线部分的内容确定适当的疑问词。如问时间用when或what time，问地点用where，问价钱用howmuch，问年龄用how old，问原因用why，问“做什么事”用what…do/does/did等。第二步“移（或加）”，就是将句子结构改为一般疑问句的形式，如果谓语部分含有系动词be，助动词be，will，have或情态动词时，则将这类动词移到句首。如果谓语动词是行为动词，则需在主语前加助动词do，does或did。但是，如果划线部分是原句的主语或主语部分的定语，则不需要这一步。第三步“变化”，即对句子中某些词作相应的变化，除了将谓语动词变为原形动词外，还要注意将原句中句首单词（专有名词除外）的首字母改为小写，将句中的some变为any，将句号变为问号等。第四步“删除”，就是去掉被疑问词替换的划线部分的词。例如： （例1.）My uncle has been to Hong Kong twice.→ How many times has your uncle been to Hong Kong？ （例2.）It took the artist half an hour to draw thebeautifulhorse.→ How long did it take the artist to draw the beautifulhorse？ （例3.）Her mother is a nurse.→ What is her mother？ （例4.）The children are playing football on the playground.→ Where are the boys playing football？ （例5.）He read some newspapers in the reading room.→ What did he do in the reading-room？ （5）将陈述句变为感叹句时，首先要确定是用what还是用how开头。如果强调部分的中心词是名词，就用what；若是形容词或副词，则用how。然后将所强调的部分移至what或how之后，要注意去掉修饰这一形容词或副词的副词。例如： （例1.）He is a very good teacher.→ What a good teacher he is！ （例2.）They danced quite well.→ How well they danced！ （6）将简单句变为复合句或将复合句变为并列句或简单句时，既要注意句子的结构变化，又要注意不能改变句子的意思。要重视一些常用连词和动词的非谓语形式的用法。 例如： （例1.）We think it true.→ We think that it is true. （例2.）If you use your head，you’ll find a way.→ Use you head，then you’ll find a way. （例3.）He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.→ He was too angry to say a word. （7）将主动语态变为被动语态时，谓语动词变为be+过去分词”形式，这里的be除了要与原句在时态上保持一致外，还要与句子的主语在人称和数等方面保持一致。 例如： （例1.）They have set up a new primary school in myhometown.→ A new primary school has been set up in myhometown. （8）将直接引语改为间接引语时，除了要对人称代词、动词时态、时间状语和地点状语等作相应的变化外，有时还要更改相应的谓语动词或将谓语动词改为非谓语形式。例如： （例1.）The teacher said，“Will you come here next Sunday？”→ The teacher asked me whether I would go there thenext Sunday. （例2.）The woman said to the boy，“Go away.”→ The woman ordered the boy to go away. （9）在作同义词语的转换时，首先要理解原句的意思，然后根据原句的意思和要补全句子的结构填入所缺少的词，使两句意思相同或相近。 例如： （例1.）My father drives to work every day.→ My father goes to work by car every day. （例2.）May I borrow your bike，please？→ Can you lend me your bike， please？