连读与不完全爆破规则
短文、对话都是由一个个句子组成的,会读单个句子,也就会读短文和对话了.朗读句子是有很多技巧的,在语流中,有些单词之间有连读现象,有些单词中的某个辅音没有念出声来.这两个造成“音变”的因素就是连读和不完全爆破.
一、 连读
在同一意群中,前一词以辅音音素结尾,后一词以元音音素开头,在说话或朗读句子时,习惯上很自然地将这两个音素合拼在一起读出来,这种语音现象叫连读.如：We have an English friend. 这个句子有两处连读：前一处是have的尾辅音/v/与an的开头元音//连读为/v/；后一处是an的尾辅音/n/与English的开头音素/i/连读为/ni/.
还有一种连读叫/r/连读.在短语或句子中,前一词以-r或-re结尾,后一词以元音开头时,可将/r/与后面的元音拼读.如：They looked for it here and there.这个句子也有两处连读：前一处是for it合读为/frit/,后一处是here and合读为/hirnd/.
连读现象只出现在意群内部,意群与意群之间的两个相邻单词即使符合上面所讲的两个条件,也不连读.如：I hope it'll get a little warmer. 这个句子中的hope it就不连读为/hupit/,因为主句I hope是一个意群,后面的从句是另一个意群.
二、 不完全爆破
在朗读句子或某些单词时,爆破音/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/,/k/, /g/在一定情况下不必爆破出来,就是说气流不必冲破阻碍,而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,稍作停顿后马上过渡到后面的音,这种现象叫不完全爆破.
不完全爆破可发生在单词内部,如bla (ck) board, foo (t) ball, ke (p) t等.括号中的辅音字母对应的辅音音素/k/,/t/,/p/稍作停顿,没发出音来.
不完全爆破在两个相邻单词之间出现的情况非常多.① 爆破音中的任何两个爆破音相邻时,前一爆破音失去爆破.如a bi(g) car等.② 爆破音中的任何一个后接摩擦音/f/, /s/, //, //时,前面的爆破音失去爆破.如I didn'(t) say so. ③ 爆破音后接/t/, /d/, /tr/, /dr /时,前面的爆破音失去爆破.如a grea(t) change等.④ 爆破音后接/m/, /n/, /l/时,前面的爆破音失去爆破.如a bi(t) more expensive等.
有一本书,是新东方出的,关于托福听力的~非常不错~里边有详细介绍……可惜那本书现在不在手边~叫什么居然忘记了……只记得作者叫“吴聊”
参考资料：http://www.***.com/bbs/TopicOther.asp?t=5&BoardID=8&id=2496
连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意群.连读所构成的音节一般都不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可读得太重,也不可音.(连读符号：~)
(1)“辅音+元音”型连读
在同一个意群里,如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读.
I’m~an~English boy.
It~is~an~old book.
Let me have~a look~at~it.
Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday.
I called~you half~an~hour~ago.
Put~it~on, please.
Not~at~all.
Please pick~it~up.
(2)“r/re+元音”型连读
如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读.
They’re my father~and mother.
I looked for~it here~and there.
There~is a football under~it.
There~are some books on the desk.
Here~is a letter for you.
Here~are four~eggs.
But where~is my cup?
Where~are your brother~and sister?
但是,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连读.
The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer与and不可连读）
(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读
英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读.
Thank~you.
Nice to meet~you.
Did~you get there late~again?
Would~you like~a cup~of tea?
Could~you help me, please?
“音的同化”
—常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/,did you听上成了/dIdVu/,would you成了/wudVu/,could you成了/kudVu/.
(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起.
I~am Chinese.
He~is very friendly to me.
She wants to study~English.
How~and why did you come here?
She can’t carry~it.
It’ll take you three~hours to walk there.
The question is too~easy for him to answer.
(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读.
Is~it a~hat or a cat?（hat与or之间不可以连读）
There~is~a good book in my desk. （book与in之间不可以连读）
Can you speak~English or French? （English与or之间不可以连读）
Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning? （meet与 at,eight与or之间不可以连读）
She opened the door and walked~in. （door与and之间不可以连读）
失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/
失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音.
(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型
6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音.
The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike .
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/,/s/,/W/,/T/等）,那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破,而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破.
6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音.
(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音.
The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/,/s/,/W/,/T/等）,那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破,而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破.
Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.
Goo(d) morning, dear.
Uncle Li’s fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema.
I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night.
-Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t) know.
The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult.