英语五大基本句型
基本概念：与汉语相似,英语句子是由主语(subject),谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型.
句型一：主语+不及物动词
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念,不需要宾语及补语,但有时可有副词,介词短语等状语修饰语.
e.g.The rain stopped .
The old man walks in the park .
句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语
e.g.The machine works smoothly.(机器运转正常.)
2.There +不及物动词+主语
e.g.There is some milk in the bottle .
There comes the bus .
3.主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
e.g.They stopped to take a short rest .(他们停下来稍作休息)
特别提醒
动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词.作不及物动词时,通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事.作及物动词时,通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事.
e.g.They stopped taking a rest .
句型二 ：主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语.
e.g.My sister is a nurse .
I feel quite hungry .
The ball is under the desk .
句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语）,才可以表达一个完整的意念.
e.g.We are learning English .
Do you know him
Your radio needs repairing .
She hopes to see her uncle.
句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念.
e.g.Her mother bought her a skirt.
Give me the book,please.
特别提醒
A.在此句型中,通常是间接宾语（人）在前,直接宾语（物）在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词.
e.g.Her mother bought a skirt for her .
Give the book to me ,please .
直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：
give(给),tell(告诉) ,lend(借给) ,sell(卖),teach(教) ,send(寄给),write(写给),show(出示) ,return(还给),bring(带给),pass(递给),leave(留给),offer(提供),hand(交给)
间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：
buy(买),choose(选择),get (弄到),make(做),order(订购),sing (唱歌),do (做),play(演奏)
B.如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词.
e.g.I handed it to our teacher .
不能说：I handed our teacher it .
C.此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况.
e.g.Her mother bought her a skirt .
a.She was bought a skirt by her mother .
b.A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
及物动词本身需要一个宾语外,还需要一个名词,形容词,副词,动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念.
e.g.We elected Li Yang our monitor.
The news made us sad.
She saw the thief steal into the shop .
The teacher asked me to answer the question .
I found the man stealing the money .
I found my money stolen .
特别提醒
A.现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系.
B.在let(让),make(使得),have（请,让,使得）,see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式,则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时,则要带”to”.
e.g.We hear her sing next door.
She is heard to sing next door .
C.此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况.
e.g.They saw him steal the old man’s money.
He was seen to steal the old man’s money .