参数方程：
x = a*cost
y = b*sint
注意,t 不是 α
y/x = tg(α) = b/a * tg(t)
所求为：
r^2 = x^2 + y^2 = a^2 * (cost)^2 + b^2 * (sint)^2 =
(cost)^2 * [a^2 + b^2 * (tgt)^2] =
(cost)^2 * [a^2 + a^2 * tg(α)^2] =
(cost)^2 / (cosα)^2 * a^2 =
另一方面,
a^2/b^2 * tg(α)^2 = tg(t)^2 ====>
a^2/b^2 * tg(α)^2 + 1 = 1/(cost)^2 ====>
[ a^2 * (sinα)^2 + b^2 * (cosα)^2 ] / b^2 = (cosα)^2 /(cost)^2 ====>
r^2 = a^2 * b^2 / [ a^2 * (sinα)^2 + b^2 * (cosα)^2 ]
再开方就得到距离.