(1)电灯消耗的电能:
W=
12R
3000R ×kW•h=0.004kW•h=1.44×10 4J,
灯泡的实际功率P 实=
W
t =
1.44×1 0 4 J
45s =320W,
答:灯泡发光的实际功率是320W.
(2)灯泡电阻R L=
U 2
P =
(220V ) 2
500W =96.8Ω,
加在灯泡两端的实际电压
U 实=
P 实 R L =
320W×96.8Ω =176V,
(3)电路中电流I=
P 实
U 实 =
320W
176V =
20
11 A,
导线上损失的电压U 线=U-U 实=220V-176V=44V,
导线总电阻R 总=
U 线
I =
44V
20
11 A =24.2Ω.
答:(1)灯泡发光的实际功率为320W;
(2)加在灯泡两端的实际电压为176V;
(3)输电导线的电阻值为24.2Ω.