x^5-3x^3-28x
=x(x^4-3x^2-28)
=x(x^2-7)(x^2+4)
3a^2x-4b^3y+3b^3x-4a^2y
=a^2(3x-4y)+b^3(3x-4y)
=(3x-4y)(a^2+b^3)
(ax+by)^2+(bx-ay)^2
=a^2x^2+2abxy+b^2y^2+b^2x^2-2abxy+a^2y^2
=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+b^2x^2+a^2y^2
=(a^2x^2+b^2x^2)+(b^2y^2+a^2y^2)
=x^2(a^2+b^2)+y^2(b^2+a^2)
=(a^2+b^2)(x^2+y^2)