1.survive在现行高中只要求掌握以下三种用法：
1）Vt.比...更长寿
此时其后直接加名词/代词等做其宾语,无介词from
如：He survived his wife.
他爱妻先他而去.
2）Vt 幸免于...
此时其后也直接加名词或代词等做其宾语,无需介词from
如：He survived the accident.
3）Vi 幸存/幸免
此时其可以单独使用,也可以在后面加上副词或介宾短语,而介宾短语中的介词以from/in等多见.
如：He survived.
He survived finally.
He survived from the burning house.
2.He survived from his wife这种句子不多见,甚至可以说是错误的表达方式.
可以改成：He survived his wife.这句我在上面翻译过了.
另：survive的后两种用法可以视为一种,即：survive表示“幸免/幸存”时,即可做及物动词,也可做不及物动词.
做及物动词时其后直接加宾语,做不及物动词时,可单用,也可加副词/介宾短语.