It 有四种用法
1、人称代词:指代已知的或已经提到的事物,包括无生命物体,性别不详、不知或不相关的有生命物体.如:
Pass it to me. 把它东西给我递过来.
Who is it behind the door? 门后那个人是谁呀?
2、非人称代词:指代时间、气候、距离、情况以及度量衡等.如:
It is Tuesday today. 今天(时间)是星期二.
It was cold that day. 那天(天气)很冷.
It is not that far. (距离)不算太远.
3、先行代词:指代为了平衡句子结构而后置的作主语或宾语的不定式短语、动名词短语或从句.如:
It is important for us to do it. 我们做这件事很重要.
It is helpless crying over spilled milk. 无益的后悔是没用的.
We found it necessary to pay a visit to him. 我们觉得有必要去拜访他.
4、强调代词:在句型it is … that 中强调主语、宾语或状语部分.如:
It was yesterday that he gave someone a ring. 那是昨天他给人打过电话.
That 的主要用法如下:
1、指代已提过的事件、行为或时间.如:
After that, he became a teacher. 从那以后,他成了教师.
2、指代较早或较远事物.如:
That is for sale; this is not. 那个是出售的;这个不是.
3、指代上文提到过词或短语的意思.如:
He was fed up, and that to a great degree. 他已吃饱,而且相当撑.
4、用作关联词,引导名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语和同位语)、定语从句和状语从句(目的、结果、原因等)【例句从略】
This 的主要用法如下:
1、指代当前、邻近或刚提及的人或物,如:
said he'd be back before this. 说他会在这之前回来.
2、指代即将谈到的事,如:
Now don't laugh when you hear this. 听了这个你不要笑.
3、指代较近的人或事物,如:
This is mine and that is yours. 这个是我的,那个是你的.