(1)N 2H 4中N原子之间形成1对共用电子对,N原子H原子质量形成1对共用电子对,结构式为
;
H 2O 2中O原子之间形成1对共用电子对,O原子与H原子之间形成1对共用电子对,结构式为H-O-O-H,
故答案为:
;H-O-O-H;
(2)肼(N 2H 4)和H 2O 2反应,产物为氮气和水,无污染,故答案为:产物为氮气和水,无污染;
(3)0.4mol液态肼和足量双氧水反应生成氮气和水蒸气时放出256.65KJ的热量,1mol液态肼放出的热量为256.65kJ×
1mol
0.4mol =641.625kJ,
该反应热化学方程式为:N 2H 4(l)+2H 2O 2(l)═N 2(g)+4H 2O(g)△H=-641.625kJ/mol,
故答案为:N 2H 4(l)+2H 2O 2(l)═N 2(g)+4H 2O(g)△H=-641.625kJ/mol;
(4)已知:①N 2H 4(l)+2H 2O 2(l)═N 2(g)+4H 2O(g)△H=-641.625kJ/mol,
②H 2O(l)═H 2O(g)△H=+44KJ/mol,
根据盖斯定律,①-②×4得N 2H 4(l)+2H 2O 2(l)═N 2(g)+4H 2O(g)△H=-817.625kJ/mol,
16g液态肼的物质的量为
16g
32g/mol =0.5mol,完全反应生成液态水时放出的热量为0.5mol×817.625kJ/mol=408.8k,J
故答案为:408.8kJ;
(5)已知:Ⅰ、N 2(g)+2O 2(g)=2NO 2(g)△H=+67.7kJ/mol
Ⅱ、N 2H 4(g)+O 2(g)=N 2(g)+2H 2O (g)△H=-543kJ/mol
根据盖斯定律,Ⅱ×2-Ⅰ得2N 2H 4(g)+2NO 2(g)═3N 2(g)+4H 2O(g)△H=-1153.7KJ/mol,
已知:Ⅰ、N 2H 4(g)+O 2(g)=N 2(g)+2H 2O (g)△H=-543kJ/mol
Ⅱ、H 2(g)+F 2(g)=2HF (g)△H=-538kJ/mol
Ⅲ、2H 2(g)+O 2(g)=2H 2O (g)△H=-484kJ/mol
根据盖斯定律,Ⅰ-Ⅲ+Ⅱ×2得N 2H 4(g)+2F 2(g)═N 2(g)+4HF (g)△H=-1135KJ/mol;
故答案为:2N 2H 4(g)+2NO 2(g)═3N 2(g)+4H 2O(g)△H=-1153.7KJ/mol;
N 2H 4(g)+2F 2(g)═N 2(g)+4HF (g)△H=-1135KJ/mol.