这两种表达方式都对,但各有不同的意思.
by bus 是出行的方式,区别于 by boat、by train、by air 等等
by a bus 则是表示句子所描述的行为或动作发生的方式,具有特殊性,例:
He ended up getting hit by a bus driving the wrong way near the hospital,but survived.
All the visitors were transported from the flooded area to the hotel by a bus.